Description
The original author of this painting, Zhang Zeduan, is a history of Hanlin painting during the time of Song Huizong (1082-1135). People in the Jin Dynasty said that he was “the right way of writing. He was from Tobu. When he was a child, he studied and traveled in Bianjing. Later he studied painting. He was originally good at painting circles (buildings and buildings), and he loved painting boats, cars and bridges. In addition, in the history of painting There is not much biography about him, and the works handed down are even rarer. “Shanghe on the Qingming Festival” was made in the Northern Song Dynasty, but many painters in the Southern Song Dynasty moved to Hangzhou to recall the prosperity of the old Beijing and often adopted this theme.
这幅画的原作者张择端，是宋徽宗（1082—1135）时的翰林画史。金代人说他“字正道，是东武人，小时候在汴京读书游学，后来学绘画，本来善画界画（楼台屋宇），更爱画舟车市桥境郭。除此之外，画史上便不大有关于他的传记，留传下来的作品更是少之又少。《清明上河图》作于北宋，但是南宋许多画家流徙到杭州之后追想到故京的繁华，往往也采用这一题材来作画；南宋人的记载说：“杂卖铺子里每一卷上河图，定价一两金子。”画的内容大小繁简没有一定，大约多是画院（宋朝考选集中画家替皇帝画画，给以薪水，这衙门叫作“画院”）里的人画的。因此后来流传的《清明上河图》不止张择端一个卷子，但是以张择端这一卷为最好。
这一卷画流传到了元代的皇帝手上，被一个替皇帝裱画的人用假冒的作品换了出来。以后大约就在几家大官阔人家里流转。到了明代，却引起了一桩情节复杂的故事。
清代有一个叫李玉的人写了一个剧本叫《一捧雪传奇》，百多年来，这个剧本到处上演，到今天我们还常看到《审头刺汤》《一捧雪》《雪杯缘》等戏剧，这一故事的开端，就是为了《清明上河图》。
剧本故事说的是，有个叫莫怀古的官员，家里有三件宝贝：第一件是张择端的真本《清明上河图》，第二件是绰号“一捧雪”（形容它的洁白）的玉杯，第三是一个叫作雪艳的美丽姬妾。莫家有一个裱糊字画的人名叫汤勤——在舞台上这“汤裱褙”是典型的丑角。汤勤后来巴结上当时的宰相严嵩父子，就鼓动严氏把莫家的三件宝抢夺到手，严嵩于是先叫人去讨《清明上河图》。莫怀古既舍不得这张画，又不敢违背这杀人不眨眼的权相严嵩，于是想办法找了一张临本送去。严嵩得图正在得意，“汤裱褙”却指出这张画是假的。严嵩老羞成怒，便硬诬莫怀古“通倭”，把他拿去“正法”。莫怀古有个家人莫成，样子很像莫怀古，自愿替莫怀古砍头。莫怀古便带了《清明上河图》和“一捧雪”逃出城门，可是“汤裱褙”又跑到严嵩那里献殷勤，说杀掉的并非莫怀古。严嵩听了大怒，便派锦衣都督陆炳和汤勤一起审理这个案子。汤勤主张传雪艳来认人头。后来雪艳得了陆炳的暗示，把汤勤刺死了。
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